超声弹性成像对比声脉冲辐射力成像鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节

目的 探讨超声弹性成像(UE)对比声脉冲辐射力成像(ARFI)鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的价值.方法 对30例甲状腺结节患者共58个结节进行UE及ARFI检测,以手术后病理结果为标准,应用ROC曲线评价UE和ARFI对良恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断效果.结果 UE诊断甲状腺结节ROC曲线下面积(0.78)小于ARFI(0.95,P＜0.01).结论 ARFI对诊断甲状腺结节比UE具有更高的准确性,有助于鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节.     

核素显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的临床价值分析

目的分析并评价99mTc-MIBI亲肿瘤显像在判定甲状腺结节良恶性中的应用价值。方法对本组489例甲状腺结节患者实施手术治疗以及病理检查,并对病理报告结果与99mTc-MIBI甲状腺亲肿瘤显像结果的相符情况进行分析。结果 99mTc-MIBI亲肿瘤显像的假阳性率、假阴性率分别为19.11%和39.64%;阳性与阴性预测值分别为46.96%和85.64%;其准确度、特异度以及敏感度分别为76.36%、80.86%和60.32%;阳性与阴性似然比分别为3.12和0.47;其甲状腺恶性结节发病率为21.91%。结论甲状腺99mTc-MIBI亲肿瘤显像在鉴别甲状腺良恶性方面具有较好的参考价值。     

乳头状甲状腺癌侧颈淋巴结隐匿性转移相关因素分析

目的分析cN0乳头状甲状腺癌(PTC)行选择性颈淋巴结清扫的结果,研究不同临床病理特征对侧颈隐匿性淋巴结转移的影响。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年3月109例我院行选择性颈淋巴结(包括同侧颈淋巴结)清扫的cN0期PTC患者资料,对其术后侧颈隐匿性淋巴结转移率与各临床病理特征的相关性进行分析。结果所有cN0病例中,Ⅵ区隐匿性转移率为46.8%,侧颈淋巴结隐匿性转移率为33.9%。淋巴结转移相关的因素有原发肿瘤大小(超声长径或病理长径)、腺外组织侵犯,侧颈淋巴结超声特点(包括淋巴门消失、皮髓质结构不清、血流丰富)及Ⅵ区淋巴结转移,同淋巴结阴性组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论选择性颈淋巴结清扫后发现cN0期PTC患者存在一定的侧颈淋巴结隐匿性转移率,转移的概率与以上临床病理因素相关,对具有高危因素的患者建议行选择性淋巴结清扫术。     

甲状腺球蛋白及抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体联合颈部超声在分化型甲状腺癌复发或转移灶诊断中的价值

目的 探讨甲状腺球蛋白(TG)、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)联合颈部超声在诊断分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)治疗后复发或转移灶中的临床价值.方法 64例患者均为DTC术后131I清除残余甲状腺治疗后,行再次131I治疗前检测血清TGAb、TG水平,并行颈部超声检查,在131I治疗后1周行131I全身SPECT扫描(WBS).结果 对DTC复发或转移灶诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性:TG分别为76.9%、66.7%和75%;超声为79%、58%和75%;TG联合超声为96.8%、71.4%和92.1%.12例TG假阴性患者中,有10例患者TGAb≥,100 IU/ml,其TG诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性均明显降低.Logistic回归分析结果显示:TG阳性组患者WBS阳性风险是阴性组患者的8.591倍.超声阳性患者WBS阳性风险是阴性患者的6.953倍.结论 TG联合超声能显著提高对DTC治疗后复发或转移灶诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性;运用TG监测DTC治疗后复发或转移灶,应同时检测TGAb.     

Lung cancer screening with CT: Evaluation of radiologists and different computer assisted detection software (CAD) as first and second readers for lung nodule detection at different dose levels

Objectives

To find the best pairing of first and second reader at highest sensitivity for detecting lung nodules with CT at various dose levels.

Materials and methods

An anthropomorphic lung phantom and artificial lung nodules were used to simulate screening CT-examination at standard dose (100 mAs, 120 kVp) and 8 different low dose levels, using 120, 100 and 80 kVp combined with 100, 50 and 25 mAs. At each dose level 40 phantoms were randomly filled with 75 solid and 25 ground glass nodules (5–12 mm). Two radiologists and 3 different computer aided detection softwares (CAD) were paired to find the highest sensitivity.

Results

Sensitivities at standard dose were 92%, 90%, 84%, 79% and 73% for reader 1, 2, CAD1, CAD2, CAD3, respectively. Combined sensitivity for human readers 1 and 2 improved to 97%, (p1 = 0.063, p2 = 0.016). Highest sensitivities – between 97% and 99.0% – were achieved by combining any radiologist with any CAD at any dose level. Combining any two CADs, sensitivities between 85% and 88% were significantly lower than for radiologists combined with CAD (p < 0.03).

Conclusions

Combination of a human observer with any of the tested CAD systems provide optimal sensitivity for lung nodule detection even at reduced dose at 25 mAs/80 kVp.     

早期分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗

目的探讨早期分化型甲状腺癌的手术方式及行中央区颈廓清术的必要性。方法回顾性分析诊治的46例早期分化型甲状腺癌患者,根据肿瘤在甲状腺中所处的位置及病理类型确定手术方式,其中行甲状腺侧叶次全切除术2例,腺叶切除术6例,腺叶+峡部全切除术8例,甲状腺次全切除术28例,甲状腺全切除术2例;同期行VI区颈廓清术44例,并采用统计学方法分析患者性别、年龄、体重指数、肿瘤分期与颈部淋巴结转移之间的规律。结果 46例患者术后随访3~5年,均未发现复发及淋巴结转移。性别、体重与颈部淋巴结转移无关(P均>0.05),年龄、肿瘤分期、肿瘤病理类型分别与颈部VI区淋巴结转移相关(χ2=10.125,P<0.05;χ2=6.597,P<0.05;χ2=13.455,P<0.01)。结论早期分化型甲状腺癌的淋巴结转移与患者年龄、肿瘤分期及其病理类型相关,根据肿瘤的大小、在甲状腺中的位置及病理类型明确手术方式。     

124I PET/CT在分化型甲状腺癌诊治中的应用

近年来,124I PET/CT在DTC诊治中的应用引起了临床工作者越来越广泛的关注.结合CT精确的解剖学信息和PET高特异的功能学信息,124I PET/CT可准确定位摄碘性病灶,探测非摄碘性病灶,从而更好地对DTC进行分期.此外,依赖其准确的剂量学评价结果,124I PET/CT剂量学评价可辅助制定DTC患者的治疗方案.笔者概述了124I PET/CT在DTC诊治中的应用.     

Neck ultrasonography as preoperative localization of primary hyperparathyroidism with an additional role of detecting thyroid malignancy

Objective

To evaluate and compare the diagnostic performances of high-resolution ultrasonography and ^99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy for the preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands and to evaluate the ability of US for additional diagnostic roles in detecting thyroid malignancy in patients with pHPT.

Materials and methods

Preoperative localization images of 115 parathyroid adenomas from high-resolution ultrasonography (US) and ^99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy (SS) were studied from 105 patients, who had undergone parathyroidectomy. Sensitivity, accuracy, and positive predictive value were calculated for the identification of adenomas in lesions and patients for both US and SS, respectively, and US and SS diagnostic performances were compared using generalized estimating equation.

Results

Preoperative imaging by both modalities localized 105 (93.8%) of the 112 parathyroid lesions confirmed at surgery and histology. Sensitivity, accuracy, and positive predictive value were 93.1% and 92.2%, 90.4% and 89.5%, and 96.9% and 96.9% by US and SS, respectively, without any statistically significant differences (P = 0.796, 0.796, 0.879). US found incidental thyroid nodules in 47 patients (47/107, 43.9%), and 7 patients (7/107, 6.5%) were confirmed to have malignancy based on pathology results (all had papillary thyroid carcinoma).

Conclusion

Neck ultrasonography and ^99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy are complementary methods of the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. Neck ultrasounds add an additional thyroid gland evaluation, and can be useful in the detection of incidental thyroid gland lesions, especially malignant nodules.     

CD147在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨CD147在甲状腺乳头状癌和周围正常甲状腺组织中的表达及意义.方法 采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测43对配对甲状腺乳头状癌组织和周围正常甲状腺组织中CD147的表达情况.结果 甲状腺乳头状癌组织中CD147 mRNA的表达量（0.96±0.04）明显高于周围正常甲状腺组织中的表达量（0.53±0.03）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.CD147蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达量（0.81±0.05）明显高于在周围正常甲状腺组织中的表达量（0.43±0.04）,同时在有淋巴结转移组（0.98±0.03）明显高于无淋巴结转移组（0.69±0.04）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 CD147在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达量明显高于周围正常甲状腺组织,同时其与淋巴结转移密切相关 （P〈0.05）,而与性别、年龄、肿块大小无相关性（P〉0.05）.提示CD147与甲状腺乳头状癌的发生和发展密切相关.